x402 vs UCP: What Challenges Lie Ahead for AI Agent Commerce?

Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) is an open standard developed by Shopify and Google. Over 20 major retailers back it, including Target, Walmart, Best Buy, plus payment processors like Visa, Mastercard, and Stripe. x402 is a narrower approach that doesn't handle commerce workflows at all. Neither protocol addresses a shared infrastructure that addresses anti-bot detection.