Spatial-Photonic Ising Machines and the Next Era of Computing

SPIMs (Stochastic Physical Ising Machines) are emerging as powerful alternatives to classical digital computing, excelling at optimization problems through low-rank approximations, constrained number partitioning, and novel algorithmic implementations. They show promise in areas such as portfolio optimization, Boltzmann machines, and spin glass modeling. Future research must balance precision with efficiency to expand SPIM applications, with potential breakthroughs in finance, logistics, and data science.